abnormal vaginal discharge | TRAMIL

	Solanum americanum (In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use) Guatemala : macuy Guatemala : quilete Guatemala : hierbamora Venezuela : yerba mora Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys ripe leaf, cut at the end of or after fruition, decoction, applied in vaginal washes¹	Recommandations Preparation and posology References	According to published and other information: Use for abnormal vaginal discharge and for culebrilla (herpes zoster) is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and available published scientific information. For topical application, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should abnormal vaginal discharge persist for more than 7 days, seek medical attention.		The young fresh plant and the ripe fruit are widely used for human consumption^12-14. For culebrilla (herpes zoster): Wash injury with 30-50 grams (1 handful) of mashed leaf and fruit. Apply in sufficient quantity to affected area 2 times a day¹⁵. For abnormal vaginal discharge: Prepare a decoction with 30-50 grams (1 handful) of leaf in 1 liter (4 cups) of water. Boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot, filter, allow to cool down and use for sitz baths and vaginal washes 3 times a day¹⁶. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours.	1 GIRON L,1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala. 2 DELENS M, 1990 Encuesta TRAMIL en Barlovento, Edo. Miranda de Venezuela. Centro al Servicio de la Acción Popular CESAP, Caracas, Venezuela. 3 GOMEZ H, 2003 Estudio fitoquímico de algunas plantas promisorias del Caribe colombiano. Informe TRAMIL. Grupo de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. 4 ALDANA MV, LIMA CN, 1999 Isolation and characterization of a glycoside from fluid extracts of Solanum americanum Mill. Afinidad 56(484):393-396. 5 CACERES A, ALVAREZ AV, OVANDO AE, SAMAYOA B, 1991 Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of respiratory diseases. 1. Screening of 68 plants against Gram-positive bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 31(2):193-208. 6 VICTORIA AE, 1980 Investigación farmacológica de la acción hipoglucemiante de la hoja de Solanum nigrescens Mart & Gal. (macuy, quilete o hierba mora). Tesis Guatemala, Facultad de CCUU y Farmacia, USAC, Guatemala, Guatemala. 7 COONEY G, BUCKLEY H, BRICKUS T, CACERES A, 1991 Fungicidal activity of Solanum plant extract from Guatemala, C.A. Abstracts CD52. Pharmacy Word Cong, Washington DC, USA. 8 CACERES A, LOPEZ BR, GIRON MA, LOGEMANN H, 1991 Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 31(3):263-276. 9 CACERES A, 2000 Plantas antimicrobianas de Mesoamérica. 1er Congreso Peruano de Plantas Medicinales y Fitoterapia, Lima: 41-44. 10 ADESINA SK, 1982 Studies on some plants used as anticonvulsants in Amerindian and African traditional medicine. Fitoterapia 53:147-162. 11 SANCHEZ LM, BULNES C, PEREZ P, RODRIGUEZ A, NOA M, GINORIO C, GOMEZ BC, 2003 Actividad antibacteriana, cicatrizante y útero-estimulante de Solanum americanum Miller. Actualidades Biológicas 25(78): 71-78. 12 ALTSCHUL S, 1973 Drugs and food from little-known plants: Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Cambridge, USA: Harvard Univ Press. 13 MORTON J, 1977 Some folk-remedy plants of Central American markets. Quart J Crude Drug Res 15:165-192. 14 SOUZA-NOVELO N, 1950 Plantas alimenticias y plantas de condimento que viven en Yucatán. Mérida, México: Inst.Tecn.Agrícola Henequenero. 15 ALBORNOZ A, 1993 Medicina Tradicional Herbaria. Caracas Venezuela: Editorial Instituto Farmacoterápico Latino S.A. p132. 16 CACERES A, 1996 Plantas de uso medicinal en Guatemala.Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala: Editorial Universitaria. p315. 17 LOPEZ M, MARTINEZ MJ, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FERRADA C, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de una decocción de hoja seca Solanum americanum Mill. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Cerro, C. Habana, Cuba. 18 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E,FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Irritabilidad vaginal de decocción de hoja seca de Solanum americanum. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba. 19 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E,FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Clases tóxicas agudas oral de decocción de hoja seca, de tallo seco y de frutos verdes secos de Solanum americanum. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Salvador Allende", La Habana, Cuba. 20 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009 Irritación dérmica, piel sana en conejos, porción de hoja fresca de Solanum americanum. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
	Solanum nigrescens (In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use) Guatemala : quilete Guatemala : hierba mora Guatemala : macuy Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys ripe leaf, cut at the end of or after fruition, decoction, applied locally, vaginal wash¹	Recommandations Preparation and posology References	According to published and other information: Use for abnormal vaginal discharge is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. For topical application, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should the symptoms persist for more than 7 days, seek medical attention.		For abnormal vaginal discharge: Prepare a decoction with 30 grams (10 spoonfuls) of ripe leaf in 1 liter (4 cups) of water. Boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot, allow to cool down and apply as sitz baths and vaginal washes¹¹, 3 times a day¹, during 15 days⁵. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours.	1 GIRON L, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala. 2 HE XG, MOCEK U, FLOSS HG, CACERES A, GIRON L, BUCKLEY H, COONEY G, MANNS J, WILSON BW, 1994 An antifungal compound from Solanum nigrescens. J Etnopharmacol 43(3):173-177. 3 GIRON L, 1983 Investigación de la inhibición de Candida albicans por preparaciones de plantas usadas en la medicina popular (Tesis Mag. Sc). Fac Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala USAC, Guatemala, Guatemala. 4 CACERES A, GIRON L, ALVARADO S, TORRES M, 1987 Screening of antimicrobial activity of plants popularly used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatomucosal diseases. J Ethnopharmacol20(3):223-237. 5 GIRON LM, AGUILAR GA, CACERES A, ARROYO GL, 1988 Anticandidal activity of plants used for the treatment of vaginitis in Guatemala and clinical trial of a Solanum nigrescens preparation. J Etnopharmacol 22(3):307-313. 6 CACERES A, LOPEZ BR, GIRON MA, LOGEMANN H, 1991 Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 31(3):263-276. 7 COONEY G., BUCKLEY H, BRICKUS T, CACERES A, 1991 Fungicidal activity of aSolanum plant extract from Guatemala, CA. Pharmacy World Congress, Washington, USA. CS 52. 8 LARA R, SANDOVAL H, JIMENEZ M, DE LA ROCA D, GUZMAN A, 1991 Determinación de la actividad inmunomoduladora de los extractos de zarzaparrilla, quilete y pericón. IV Congreso Nacional de Microbiología, Guatemala, Guatemala. 9 AGUILAR G, 1985 Tratamiento de la candidosis vaginal con extracto deSolanum nigrescens (Tesis Mag. Sc). Fac Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala USAC, Guatemala, Guatemala. 10 GIRON L, 1992 Toxicidad aguda del extracto acuoso de Solanum nigrescens. Informe TRAMIL. FARMAYA, Guatemala, Guatemala. 11 GIRON L, CACERES A, FREIRE V, ALONZO A, SALVADOR L, 1995 Folleto informativo sobre algunas plantas comúnmente utilizadas por la población Garifuna de Livingston, Guatemala, Guatemala, p45.