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Anethum graveolens(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys seed, decoction, taken orally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
For both uses, it is mainly described in association with Eupatorium aromatizans, Lippia micromera or salt. According to published and other information: Use for abdominal pain, flatulence and stomach pain is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and on available published scientific information. Not for use in women intending to procreate, during pregnancy, during lactation or in children under 5 years old. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should the abdominal or stomach pain last more than 3 days, seek medical attention. |
The aerial parts ofAnethum graveolens are widely used as a spice. For abdominal pain, flatulence and stomach pain: Prepare a decoction with 15-30 grams (2-3 spoonfuls) of seed in one liter (4 cups) of water; boil for 10 minutes minimum in a covered pot. Filter and take one cup after meals24.
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1 GERMOSÉN-ROBINEAU L, GERÓNIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984 2 HARBONE J, WILLIAMS C, 1972 3 DANIEL M, 1989 4 VARNAITE R, 1988 5 DRANIK LI, PROKOPENKO AP, 1969 6 APLIN RT, PAGE CB, 1967 7 PUNDARIKAKSHUDU K, BHAVSAR G, 1991 8 PINKAS M, BEZANGER-BEAUQUESNE L, 1986 9 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 1O IKRAM M, HAQ I, 1980 11 KIUCHI F, NAKAMURA N, MIYASHITA N, NISHIZAWA S, TSUDA Y, KONDO K, 1989 12 DHAR ML, DHAR MM, DHAWAN BN, MEHROTRA BN, RAY C, 1968 13 LOREA PAGANINI F, SILVEIRA SN, AMARANTE SILVA F, VENSKE DE ALMEIRA TR, SINNOTT SILVA E, 1992 14 FEIZ J, MOATTAR F, 1985 15 CHANG I, WOO W, 1980 16 PDR Herbal, 2000 17 CANIGUERAL S, VILA R, RISCO E, PEREZ F, PORTILLO A, FREIXA B, MILO B, VANACLOCHA B, RIOS JL, MORALES MA, ALONSO JR, BACHILLER LI, PERIS JB, STUBING G, 2002 18 HARRIES N, JAMES KC, PUGH WK, 1978 19 SHIPOCHLIEV T, 1968 20 DUKE JA, 1992 21 NATAQUE K, KANZAWA K, MIZUNO M, UENO N, KOBAYASHI T, DANNE GI, MINAMOTO S, 1989 22 SETHI N, NATH D, SINGH RK, 1989 23 FUKUOKA M, YOSHIHIRA K, NATORI S, SAKAMOTO K, IWAHARA S, HOSAKA S, IRONO I, 1980 24 ALBORNOZ A, 1993 25 MARTINEZ MJ, BETANCOURT J, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BARCELO H, LAINEZ A, MONTES ME, REGO R, BOUCOURT E, MORON F, 2000 26 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 |
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Chrysopogon zizanioides(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys root, decoction, orally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: The uses of root decoction against insomnia, nervousness and cough are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. The use of root decoction against abdominal pain, and the use of leaf and root decoction for headache are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies. The use of apical bud decoction for stomach pain is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. The use of apical bud decoction for urinary infection is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies. The use of root and entire plant decoction by ingestion and in baths for high temperature (fever) is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should symptoms persist for more than 2 days for high temperature (fever) and headache, for more than 3 days for stomach pain and urinary infection, or for more than 7 days for nervousness, seek medical attention. |
There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 2 GIRÓN L, 1988 3 LAGOS-WITTE S, 1988-89, 1996 4 SOLÍS PN, RODRÍGUEZ N, ESPINOSA A, GUPTA MP, 2004 5 SHIBAMOTO T, NISHIMURA O, 1982 6 WEYERSTAHL P, MARSCHALL H, SPLITTGERBER U, WOLF D, 1997 7 WEYERSTAHL P, MARSCHALL H, SPLITTGERBER U, WOLF D, 1996 8 LU Y, 1989 9 CÁCERES A, GONZÁLEZ S, GIRÓN L, 1998 10 SOLÍS PN, RODRÍGUEZ N, ESPINOSA A, GUPTA MP, 2004 11 GARCÍA GM, COTO MT, GONZÁLEZ CS, PAZOS L, 2000 12 GARCÍA GM, COTO MT, GONZÁLEZ CS, PAZOS L, 2000 13 PAZOS L, COTO MT, GONZÁLEZ CS, QUIROS S, 2003 14 CAMBAR P, COUSIN L, SANTOS A, ALGER J, 1989 15 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, QUIROS S, 2004 16 CAMBAR P, 1996 17 AMDUR MD, MEAD J, 1958 18 JAIN SC, NOWICKI S, EISNER T, MEINWALD J, 1982 19 DIKSHIT A, HUSAIN A, 1984 20 SINGH B, AGRAWAL S, 1988 21 KINDRA K, SATYANARAYANA T, 1978 22 CHAUMONT J, BARDEY I, 1989 23 GANGRADE SK, SHRIVASTAVA RD, SHARMA OP, JAIN NK, TRIVEDI KC, 1991 24 PELLEGRINO J, 1967 25 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 26 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 27 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 28 HIRUMA-LIMA CA, SOUZA BRITO AR, 2002 29 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 30 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 |
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Foeniculum vulgare(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys seed and/or leaf, decoction, orally2 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for stomach pain, abdominal pain and flatulence is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should stomach pain persist for more than 3 days, seek medical attention. Use for earache is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies. Due to the potential health risks associated with earache, and to determine whether it is caused by middle and/or inner ear infection, an initial medical evaluation is recommended. Its use is contraindicated if symptoms such as ear secretions and/or evidence of perforation of the tympanic membrane are present. Before any application in the ear, strict hygienic measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or further infection. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should earache last more than 2 days, seek medical attention. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation or by children under 3 years old. The seed can cause hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. |
The leaf of Foeniculum vulgare is widely used for human consumption and the seed is an industrial source of essential oil. For stomach pain, abdominal pain and flatulence: Prepare a decoction with 0.3-0.6 grams of dried seed or 3-5 grams of fresh leaves in 250 mL (1 cup) of water, boil for 10 minutes minimum in a covered pot, filter, allow to cool, and drink 1 cup 3 times a day24-25. For earache: There is no available information for establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 2 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 3 HAGINIWA J, HARADA M, MORISHITA I, 1963 Pharmacological studies on crude drugs. VII. Properties of essential oil components of aromatics & their pharmacological effect on mouse intestine. Yakugaku Zasshi 83:624. 4 AKUNZEMANN J, HERRMANN K, 1977 Isolation and identification of flavon(ol)-O-glycosides in caraway (Carum carvi L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and of flavone-C-glycosides in anise. I. Phenolics of spices. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 164:194-200. 5 HARANATH P, AKTHER M, SHARIF S, 1987 Acetylcholine and choline in common spices. Phytother Res 1(2):91-92. 6 ZOBEL A, BROWN S, 1991 Psoralens on the surface of seeds of Rutaceae and fruits of Umbelliferae and Leguminosae. Can J Bot 69(3):485-488. 7 CESKA O, CHAUDHARY S, WARRINGTON P, ASHWOOD-SMITH M, 1987 Photoactive furocoumarins in fruits of some Umbellifers. Phytochemistry 26(1):165-169. 8 MENDEZ J, CASTRO-POCEIRO J, 1981 Coumarins in Foeniculum vulgare fruits. Rev Latinoamer Quim 12:91-92. 9 SALEH N, EL-NEGOUMY S, EL-HADIDI M, HOSNI H, 1983 Comparative study of the flavonoids of some local members of the Umbelliferae. Phytochemistry22(6):1417-1420. 10 LATTANZIO V, MARCHESINI A, 1981 Determination of plant phenols by gel filtration. J Food Sci 46:1907-1909. 11 HARBONE J, BOARDLEY M, 1984 Use of high-performance liquid chromatography in the separation of flavonol glycosides and flavonol sulphates. J Chromatogr 299(2):377-385. 12 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. p75. 13 CARBALLO A, 1995 Plantas medicinales del Escambray cubano. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. 14 LEIFERTOVA I, LISA M, 1986 The antifungal properties of higher plants affecting some species of the genus Aspergillus. Folia Pharm (Prague) 2:29-54. 15 MALINI T, VANITHAKUMARI G, MEGALA N, ANUSYA S, DEVI K, ELANGO V, 1985 Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seed extract on the genital organs of male and female rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 29(1):21-26. 16 MASCOLO N, AUTORE G, CAPASSO F, MENGHINI A, FASULO MP, 1987 Biological screening of Italian medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory activity. Phytother Res 1(1):28-31. 17 DUKE JA, 1988 Handbook of medicinal herbs. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. 18 PINKAS M, BEZANGER-BEAUQUESNE L, 1986 Les plantes dans la thérapeutique moderne. Paris, France: 2 éd. Ed. Maloine. 19 ALBERT PULEO M, 1980 Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents. J Ethnopharmacol 2(4):337-344. 20 HURTADO M, CARBALLO A, 1990 Las plantas medicinales TRAMIL en la farmacopea soviética. Centro de Investigaciones de Fitoterapia y Medicina Tradicional, Topes de Collantes, Cuba. 21 ALFONSO H, 1992 Evaluación de la toxicidad dérmica deMomordica charantia L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill yCassia occidentalis L. en cobayos. Informe tramil. Centro Nacional de Salud Animal CENSA, La Habana, Cuba. 22 SHAH A, QURESHI S, AGEEL A, 1991 Toxicity studies in mice of ethanol extracts ofFoeniculum vulgare fruit andRuta chalepensis aerial parts. J Ethnopharmacol 34(2/3):167-172. 23 SEETHARAM K, PASRICHA J, 1987 Condiments and contact dermatitis of the finger-tips. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 53(6):325-328. 24 ASSOCIATION SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, 1983 British herbal pharmacopœia. Bournemouth, England: British Herbal Medicine Association. 25 CARBALLO A, 1995 Cálculo de concentración y dosis de las drogas vegetales TRAMIL: Mensuraciones farmacognósticas y aproximaciones técnico-clínicas. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. 26 MARTINEZ MJ, MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Clases tóxicas agudas (CTA) de una decocción de hoja fresca de Foeniculum vulgare Miller.Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba. 27 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria del zumo filtrado de hojas frescas machacadas de Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba. |
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Ocimum gratissimum(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf, decoction with salt, orally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for abdominal pain and flatulence, asthenia and weakness is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and on available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should abdominal pain last more than 3 days, seek medical attention. Use for torsalo (myiasis) is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. For topical application, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation or by children under 5 years old. |
The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum are widely used for human consumption. For abdominal pain and flatulence: Prepare a decoction or infusion with 5-7 grams (1-2 spoonfuls) of leaves in 1/2 liter (2 cups) of water. In case of decoction, boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot (possibly, with a pinch of salt). For infusion, add boiling water to the leaves, cover and leave to cool. Filter and drink 1 cup 3 times per day. For abdominal pain, there is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage regarding the leaf juice other than that referred to by traditional use. For torsalo (myiasis): There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, 1987-88 2 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 3 JEAN-PIERRE L, 1988 4 GIRÓN L, 1988 5 WHO, 1991 6 WENIGER B, SAVARY H, DAGUIHL R, 1984 7 ZAMUREENKO VA, TOKAREVA VY, KLYUEV NA, KARPOVA TI, GRANDBERG TI, 1981 8 NTEZURUBANZA L, SCHEFFER JJC, BAERHEIM-SVENDSEN A, 1987 9 ARCTANDER S, 1960 10 HEGNAUER R, 1973 11 MAIA JGS, RAMOS LS, LUZ AIR, DA SILVA ML, ZOGHBI MG, 1988 12 JANSSEN AM, SCHEFFER JJC, NTEZURUBANZA L, SVENDSEN AB, 1989 13 NIGAM M, KHOSLA MK, BRADU BL, TANDON N, 1988 14 AWUAH RT, 1989 15 OFFIAH VN, CHIKWENDU UA, 1999 16 AZIBA PI, BASS D, ELEGBE Y, 1999 17 NJOKU CJ, ASUZU IU, 1998 18 ADESINA SK, 1982 19 EL KELTAWI N, MEGALLA S, ROSS S, 1980 20 MADEIRA SVF, MATOS FJ, LEAL-CARDOSO JH, CRIDDLE DN, 2002 21 BUDAVARI S (Ed.), 2001 22 ONAJOBI FD, 1986 23 LOGARTO PARRA A, TILLAN CAPO J, VEGA MONTALVO R, GONZALEZ YC, 1999 24 DHAWAN BN, PATNAIK GK, RASTOGI RP, SINGH KK, TANDON JS, 1977 25 LOGARTO PARRA A, SILVA YHEBRA R, GUERRA SARDINAS I, IGLESIAS BUELA L, 2001 26 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORÓN F, 2002 27 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORÓN F, 2002 28 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, 2002 29 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, 2002 |
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Ocimum gratissimum(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf, juice with salt, orally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for abdominal pain and flatulence, asthenia and weakness is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and on available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should abdominal pain last more than 3 days, seek medical attention. Use for torsalo (myiasis) is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. For topical application, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation or by children under 5 years old. |
The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum are widely used for human consumption. For abdominal pain and flatulence: Prepare a decoction or infusion with 5-7 grams (1-2 spoonfuls) of leaves in 1/2 liter (2 cups) of water. In case of decoction, boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot (possibly, with a pinch of salt). For infusion, add boiling water to the leaves, cover and leave to cool. Filter and drink 1 cup 3 times per day. For abdominal pain, there is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage regarding the leaf juice other than that referred to by traditional use. For torsalo (myiasis): There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, 1987-88 2 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 3 JEAN-PIERRE L, 1988 4 GIRÓN L, 1988 5 WHO, 1991 6 WENIGER B, SAVARY H, DAGUIHL R, 1984 7 ZAMUREENKO VA, TOKAREVA VY, KLYUEV NA, KARPOVA TI, GRANDBERG TI, 1981 8 NTEZURUBANZA L, SCHEFFER JJC, BAERHEIM-SVENDSEN A, 1987 9 ARCTANDER S, 1960 10 HEGNAUER R, 1973 11 MAIA JGS, RAMOS LS, LUZ AIR, DA SILVA ML, ZOGHBI MG, 1988 12 JANSSEN AM, SCHEFFER JJC, NTEZURUBANZA L, SVENDSEN AB, 1989 13 NIGAM M, KHOSLA MK, BRADU BL, TANDON N, 1988 14 AWUAH RT, 1989 15 OFFIAH VN, CHIKWENDU UA, 1999 16 AZIBA PI, BASS D, ELEGBE Y, 1999 17 NJOKU CJ, ASUZU IU, 1998 18 ADESINA SK, 1982 19 EL KELTAWI N, MEGALLA S, ROSS S, 1980 20 MADEIRA SVF, MATOS FJ, LEAL-CARDOSO JH, CRIDDLE DN, 2002 21 BUDAVARI S (Ed.), 2001 22 ONAJOBI FD, 1986 23 LOGARTO PARRA A, TILLAN CAPO J, VEGA MONTALVO R, GONZALEZ YC, 1999 24 DHAWAN BN, PATNAIK GK, RASTOGI RP, SINGH KK, TANDON JS, 1977 25 LOGARTO PARRA A, SILVA YHEBRA R, GUERRA SARDINAS I, IGLESIAS BUELA L, 2001 26 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORÓN F, 2002 27 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORÓN F, 2002 28 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, 2002 29 GUERRA MJ, LÓPEZ M, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, 2002 |
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Pimenta racemosa var. ozua(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf, decoction with salt, orally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for abdominal pain is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation, and available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should the abdominal pain persist for more than 3 days, seek medical attention. |
The leaf and the fruit of Pimenta racemosa var.ozua are used as a spice and tonic appetizer, while the essential oil of the leaf is a relatively widespread disinfectant. As it is an endemic and scarce species, we recommend harvesting the leaves moderately and fostering its cultivation so as to avoid extirpating the plant in the wild. For abdominal pain: Prepare a decoction with 9-23 grams of the leaves in 1 liter (4 cups) of water, boil for at least 10 minutes in an open pot. Filter, allow to cool, and drink 1 cup 3 times a day6. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 2 TUCKER A, MARICARELLO M, ADAMS R, LANDRUM L, ZANONI T, 1991 3 HERRERA J, 1988 4 SCHMEDA-HIRSCHMANN G. 1991 5 CAMBAR P. FLORES E. CANALES M. 1996 6 FERNÁNDEZ A, ÁLVAREZ A, GARCÍA MD, SÁENZ MT, 2004 7 CÁCERES A, MENÉNDEZ H, MÉNDEZ E, COHOBON E, SAMAYAO BE, JAUREGUI E, PERALTA E, CARRILLO G, 1995 8 GARCÍA MD, SÁENZ MT, 2004 |