cold

	Bryophyllum pinnatum (In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use) Dominican Republic : bruja San Andrés : tree of life Costa Rica : leaf of life Guatemala : hoja del aire Honduras : hoja del aire Haiti : lou gawou Haiti : fey choche Martinique : zèb maltèt Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf, juice, orally⁵	Recommandations Preparation and posology References	The use as an amulet against vomiting is a traditional cultural use and is not classified in the TRAMIL program. According to published and other information: Use for cough is categorized as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies and available published scientific information. Uses for headache and cold are categorized as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, validation, toxicity studies and available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should the cold last more than 2 days, seek medical attention. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation or in children.		For topical use for headache and oral use for cold and cough: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use.	1 WENIGER B, 1987-88 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 2 GIRÓN L, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala. 3 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique. 4 LAGOS-WITTE S, 1988-89, 1996 Encuesta TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Histología Vegetal y Etnobotánica, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras UNAH, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 5 OCAMPO R, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica), Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 6 PINZON M, 1994 Encuesta TRAMIL (Isla de San Andrés). Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. 7 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 8 WENIGER B, SAVARY H, DAGUIHL R, 1984 Tri phytochimique de plantes de la liste TRAMIL. Laboratoire de chimie des substances naturelles, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port au Prince, Haïti. 9 GAIND KN, GUPTA RL, 1971 Flavonoid glycosides from Kalanchoe pinnata. Planta Med 20(4):368-373. 10 GAIND KN, GUPTA RL, 1973 Phenolic components from the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata. Planta Med 23(12):149-153. 11 YAMAGISHI T, YAN X, WU R, MC PHAIL D, MC PHAIL A, LEE K, 1988 Structure and stereochemistry of bryophyllin-A, a novel potent cytotoxic bufadienolide orthoacetate from Bryophyllum pinnatum. Chem Pharm Bull 36(4):1615-1617. 12 YAN,XZ: LEE,KS: YAMAGISHI,T, 1992 Isolation and identification of cytotoxic components from Bryophyllum pinnatum. Shanghai Yike Daxue Xuebao 19(3):206-208. 13 AKIHISA T, KOKKE W, TAMURA T, MATSUMOTO T, 1991 Sterols of Kalanchoe pinnata: first report of the isolation of both C-24 epimers of 24-alkyl-delta-25-sterols from a higher plant. Lipids 26(8):660-665. 14 GAIND KN, GUPTA RL, 1972 Alkanes, alkanols, triterpenes and sterols from Kalanchoe pinnata. Phytochemistry 11(4):1500-1502. 15 SIDDIQUI S, FAIZI S, SIDDIQUI B, SULTANA N, 1989 Triterpenoids and phenanthrenes from leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Phytochemistry 28(9):2433-2438. 16 BULEN WA, VARNER JE, BURRELL RC, 1952 Separation of organic acids from plant tissues. Anal Chem 24:187-190. 17 PAL S, SEN T, CHAUDHURI AK, 1999 Neuropsychopharmacological profile of the methanolic fraction of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 51(3):313-318. 18 MORAES V, COSTA S, BERGMANN R, 1992 Immunomodulatory activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. Dept. of Biochemistry, ICB, URFJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 19 OBASEIKI-EBOR EE, 1985 Preliminary report on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf juice. Afr J Med Sci 14(3-4):199-202. 20 SINGH K, PATHAK R, 1984 Effect of leaves extracts of some higher plants on spore germination of Ustilago maydes and U. nuda. Fitoterapia 55(5):318-320. 21 NAOVI S, KHAN M, VOHORA S, 1991 Antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic investigation on Indian medicinal plants. Fitoterapia 62(3):21-228. 22 HEMA D, TIDJANI M, BASSENE E, POUSSET JL, GIONO-BARBER H, 1986 African medicinal plants. XXIV. Study of the antiinflammatory activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Plant Med Phytother 20(3):231-235. 23 FENG P, HAYNES L, MAGNUS K, PLIMMER J, SHERRAT H, 1962 Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants. J Pharm Pharmacol 14:556-561. 24 ANDRONOVA L, 1972 Antitussive properties of certain medical plants. Rast Resur 8:588-591. 25 BERSHTEJN E, 1972 Utilisation du jus de Kalanchoe pinnata dans le traitement des ulcères trophiques de la jambe. Vest Khir URSS 108(3):116-118. 26SVANIDZE N, LANOVENKLY V, SÁNCHEZ A, RODRÍGUEZ P, 1975 Kalanchoe pinnata como planta medicinal en Cuba. Rev Cub Farm 9(3):225-228. 27 YAMAGISHI T, HARUNA M, YAN XZ, CHANG JJ, LEE KH, 1989 Antitumor agents. 110. Bryophylline B., a novel potent cytotoxic bufadienolide from Bryophyllum pinnatum. J Nat Prod 52(5):1071-1079. 28 BOAKYE-YIADOM K, 1977 Antimicrobial properties of some West African medicinal plants. 1. Antimicrobial action of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Quart J Crude Res 15:201-202. 29 PERRY LM, METZGER J, 1980 Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press. 30 DUKE JA, 1992 Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their bioactivities. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. 31 DUKE JA, 1992 Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS Herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. 32 OLIVER B, 1960 Medicinal plants in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology. 33 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 Toxicidad oral, aguda en ratones, de la hoja de Kalanchoe pinnata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 34 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 Toxicidad oral, aguda en ratones, del extracto acuoso del zumo de la hoja de Kalanchoe pinnata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 35 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, 2003 Estudio de irritabilidad dérmica, en piel lesionada de conejo, de hoja fresca machacada de Kalanchoe pinnata. Informe TRAMIL.Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 36 YOKEL R, OGZEWALLA CD, 1981 Effects of plant ingestion in rats determined by the conditioned taste aversion procedure. Toxicon 19(2):223-232. 37 BHAKUNI O, DHAR ML, DHAR MM, DHAWAN BN, MEHROTRA BN, 1969 Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Part II. Indian J Exp Biol 7:250-262. 38 PAL S, SEN T, CHAUDHURI AKN,1999 Neuropsychopharmacological profile of the methanolic fraction of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 51(3):313-318. 39 REPPAS GP, 1995 Bryophyllum pinnatum poisoning of cattle. Aust Vet J 72(11):425-427. 40 MCKENZIE RA, FRANKE FP, DUNSTER PJ, 1987 The toxicity to cattle and bufadienolide content of six Bryophyllum species. Aust Vet J 64(10):298-301.

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Bryophyllum pinnatum