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Haematoxylum campechianum(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
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Justicia pectoralis(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf, crushed, applied locally3 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for stomach-ache and nervousness is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should nervousness persist for more than 7 days, seek medical attention. Do not use more than 30 days and with patients with circulatory problems. Use for bruises and sprains is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. For topical application, strict hygienic measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation, or by children under 5 years old. |
For bruises and sprains: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. For stomach ache and nervousness: Prepare a decoction with 5-10 grams of leaf or aerial parts in 250 mL (1 cup) of water. Boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot. Filter, leave to cool down and drink whenever required by symptomatic manifestation. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 2 CHARLES C, 1988 TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica. 3 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique. 4 CARBALLO A, 1990 Encuesta TRAMIL. Centro de investigación de fitoterapia y medicina tradicional de Topes de Collantes, Trinidad, Cuba. 5 OCAMPO R, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica), Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 6 WHO, 1991 Pautas para la evaluación de medicamentos herbarios WHO/TRM/91.4 (original inglés). Programa de Medicina Tradicional, OMS, Ginebra, Suiza. 7 Solis PN, VAsquez Y, Ayala H, Gupta MP, 2002 Informe de validación de algunas plantas tramil. Fase iii. Informe TRAMIL. Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá. 8 WENIGER B, SAVARY H, DAGUIHL R, 1984 Tri phytochimique de plantes de la liste TRAMIL. Laboratoire de chimie des substances naturelles, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port au Prince, Haïti. 9 DE VRIES JX, TAUSCHER B, WURZEL G, 1988 Constituents of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. 2. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of simple coumarins, 3-phenylpropionic acids and their hydroxy and methoxy derivatives. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 15(8):413-417. 10 JOSEPH H, GLEYE J, MOULIS C, MENSAH L, ROUSSAKIS C, GRATAS C, 1988 Justicidin B, a cytotoxic principle from Justicia pectoralis. J Nat Prod 51(3):599-600. 11 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, p90. 12 GarcIa GM, Coto MT, GonzAlez CS, Pazos L, 1998 Velocidad del tránsito intestinal en ratón, del extracto acuoso de hoja fresca de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 13 CACERES A, 2000 Actividad de Justicia pectoralis contra las bacterias causales de infecciones respiratorias. Informe TRAMIL.Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos USAC, Guatemala, Guatemala. 14 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2003 Actividad sedante-tranquilizante, en ratones, del extracto acuoso de partes aéreas de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 15 MACRAE W, TOWERS G, 1984 Justicia pectoralis: A study of the basis for its use as a hallucinogenic snuff ingredient. J Ethnopharmacol 12(1):93-111. 16 FernAndez L, PErez H, Mas R, RodrIguez L, GalAn L, Biscay R, 1987 Efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre la conducta exploratoria en ratones. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas. Estudios Avanzados en Neurociencias (suppl 1). p257-264. 17 FERNANDEZ L, PEREZ SAAD H, MAS R, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, GALAN L, BISCAY R, 1987 Efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre la conducta exploratoria en ratones. En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p257-264. 18 FERNANDEZ L, MAS R, PEREZ SAAD H, BISCAY R, GALAN L, 1989 Evaluación preliminar de los efectos neurofarmacológicos de Justicia pectoris. Rev Cub Farm 23(1/2):161-166. 19 RODRIGUEZ E, VIRNES A, ALEMAN J, 1989 Estudio preliminar del efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre el EEG de adultos normales. Rev Cub Farm 23(3):302-308. 20 MAS R; MENENDEZ R, FERNANDEZ L, PEREZ SAAD H, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, KAMMERER E, 1987 ¿Posee Justicia pectoralis las características farmacológicas de los neurolépticos clásicos? En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p273-283. 21PEREZ SAAD H, MAS R, FERNANDEZ L, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, 1987 Justicia pectoralis no previene las convulsiones inducidas por PTZ y PTX. En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p265-272. 22 MILLS J, Pascoe KO, Chambers J, Melville GN, 1986 Preliminary investigations of the wound-healing properties of a Jamaican folk medicine plant. West Indian Med J 35(3):190-193. 23 GarcIa GM, Coto MT, OCAMPO R, GonzAlez CS, Pazos L, 2001 Toxicidad aguda en ratones del extracto acuoso de partes aéreas de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 24 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, BETANCOURT J, FUENTES V, MOREJON Z, MORON, F, BOUCOURT E, 2002 Toxicidad aguda tópica de Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Salvador Allende". Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. La Habana, Cuba. 25 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, BETANCOURT J, FUENTES V, MOREJON Z, MORON, F, BOUCOURT E, 2002 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Salvador Allende". Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. La Habana, Cuba. 26 PILOTO FERRER J, VIZOSO A, RAMOS A, GARCIA A, REMIGIO A, VEGA Y, GONZALEZ ML, RODRIGUEZ C, CARBALLO C, 2009 Plantas medicinales. Diez años de evaluaciones toxicogenéticas en el CIDEM. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 8(5):428-434. 27 MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, GARCIA MJ, BOUCOURT E, VICTORIA M, FUENTES V, MORON F, BOULOGNE I, ROBINEAU L, 2009 Encuesta TRAMIL preliminar a grupos de vecinos en los municipios 10 de Octubre, Lisa, Marianao, Habana del Este (Cojímar) en la Ciudad de la Habana. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. |
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Justicia pectoralis(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys entire plant, crushed or entire, applied locally2 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for stomach-ache and nervousness is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should nervousness persist for more than 7 days, seek medical attention. Do not use more than 30 days and with patients with circulatory problems. Use for bruises and sprains is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. For topical application, strict hygienic measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Not for use during pregnancy, during lactation, or by children under 5 years old. |
For bruises and sprains: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. For stomach ache and nervousness: Prepare a decoction with 5-10 grams of leaf or aerial parts in 250 mL (1 cup) of water. Boil for at least 10 minutes in a covered pot. Filter, leave to cool down and drink whenever required by symptomatic manifestation. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 2 CHARLES C, 1988 TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica. 3 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique. 4 CARBALLO A, 1990 Encuesta TRAMIL. Centro de investigación de fitoterapia y medicina tradicional de Topes de Collantes, Trinidad, Cuba. 5 OCAMPO R, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica), Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 6 WHO, 1991 Pautas para la evaluación de medicamentos herbarios WHO/TRM/91.4 (original inglés). Programa de Medicina Tradicional, OMS, Ginebra, Suiza. 7 Solis PN, VAsquez Y, Ayala H, Gupta MP, 2002 Informe de validación de algunas plantas tramil. Fase iii. Informe TRAMIL. Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá. 8 WENIGER B, SAVARY H, DAGUIHL R, 1984 Tri phytochimique de plantes de la liste TRAMIL. Laboratoire de chimie des substances naturelles, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port au Prince, Haïti. 9 DE VRIES JX, TAUSCHER B, WURZEL G, 1988 Constituents of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. 2. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of simple coumarins, 3-phenylpropionic acids and their hydroxy and methoxy derivatives. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 15(8):413-417. 10 JOSEPH H, GLEYE J, MOULIS C, MENSAH L, ROUSSAKIS C, GRATAS C, 1988 Justicidin B, a cytotoxic principle from Justicia pectoralis. J Nat Prod 51(3):599-600. 11 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, p90. 12 GarcIa GM, Coto MT, GonzAlez CS, Pazos L, 1998 Velocidad del tránsito intestinal en ratón, del extracto acuoso de hoja fresca de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 13 CACERES A, 2000 Actividad de Justicia pectoralis contra las bacterias causales de infecciones respiratorias. Informe TRAMIL.Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos USAC, Guatemala, Guatemala. 14 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2003 Actividad sedante-tranquilizante, en ratones, del extracto acuoso de partes aéreas de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 15 MACRAE W, TOWERS G, 1984 Justicia pectoralis: A study of the basis for its use as a hallucinogenic snuff ingredient. J Ethnopharmacol 12(1):93-111. 16 FernAndez L, PErez H, Mas R, RodrIguez L, GalAn L, Biscay R, 1987 Efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre la conducta exploratoria en ratones. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas. Estudios Avanzados en Neurociencias (suppl 1). p257-264. 17 FERNANDEZ L, PEREZ SAAD H, MAS R, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, GALAN L, BISCAY R, 1987 Efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre la conducta exploratoria en ratones. En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p257-264. 18 FERNANDEZ L, MAS R, PEREZ SAAD H, BISCAY R, GALAN L, 1989 Evaluación preliminar de los efectos neurofarmacológicos de Justicia pectoris. Rev Cub Farm 23(1/2):161-166. 19 RODRIGUEZ E, VIRNES A, ALEMAN J, 1989 Estudio preliminar del efecto de Justicia pectoralis sobre el EEG de adultos normales. Rev Cub Farm 23(3):302-308. 20 MAS R; MENENDEZ R, FERNANDEZ L, PEREZ SAAD H, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, KAMMERER E, 1987 ¿Posee Justicia pectoralis las características farmacológicas de los neurolépticos clásicos? En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p273-283. 21PEREZ SAAD H, MAS R, FERNANDEZ L, RODRIGUEZ RIVERA L, 1987 Justicia pectoralis no previene las convulsiones inducidas por PTZ y PTX. En: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIC) Ed. Estudios avanzados en neurociencias. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial CENIC. p265-272. 22 MILLS J, Pascoe KO, Chambers J, Melville GN, 1986 Preliminary investigations of the wound-healing properties of a Jamaican folk medicine plant. West Indian Med J 35(3):190-193. 23 GarcIa GM, Coto MT, OCAMPO R, GonzAlez CS, Pazos L, 2001 Toxicidad aguda en ratones del extracto acuoso de partes aéreas de Justicia pectoralis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 24 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, BETANCOURT J, FUENTES V, MOREJON Z, MORON, F, BOUCOURT E, 2002 Toxicidad aguda tópica de Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Salvador Allende". Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. La Habana, Cuba. 25 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, BETANCOURT J, FUENTES V, MOREJON Z, MORON, F, BOUCOURT E, 2002 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Salvador Allende". Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. La Habana, Cuba. 26 PILOTO FERRER J, VIZOSO A, RAMOS A, GARCIA A, REMIGIO A, VEGA Y, GONZALEZ ML, RODRIGUEZ C, CARBALLO C, 2009 Plantas medicinales. Diez años de evaluaciones toxicogenéticas en el CIDEM. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 8(5):428-434. 27 MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, GARCIA MJ, BOUCOURT E, VICTORIA M, FUENTES V, MORON F, BOULOGNE I, ROBINEAU L, 2009 Encuesta TRAMIL preliminar a grupos de vecinos en los municipios 10 de Octubre, Lisa, Marianao, Habana del Este (Cojímar) en la Ciudad de la Habana. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. |
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Ricinus communis(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys seed oil, applied locally5 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for constipation is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. Uses for ganglionar disorder, headache, toothache, earache, pneumonia, asthma, burns, rheumatism, twisting and trauma are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and, when the leaf is topically applied, based on toxicity studies. When the seed oil is taken orally, a single dose should be used. For topical application to burns, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Limit traditional use only to superficial burns (skin injuries) that are not extensive (covering less than 10% of body surface) and are located away from high risk areas such as face, hands, feet and genitals. Due to the health risks involved with pneumonia, asthma, earache and ganglionar disorder, an initial medical evaluation is recommended. The use of this resource can be considered complementary to medical treatment, unless it is contraindicated. Due to the possibility that an earache could signal a middle or inner ear infection, immediate medical evaluation is recommended. Do not use if there are secretions from the ear and/or possible perforation of the eardrum. The seed can cause reactions of hypersensitivity. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, the asthma persisting for more than 2 days, the headache and the twisting lasting more than 3 days or the pneumonia 5 days, seek medical attention. Only the oil that has been hand-made following traditional procedures, or the oil purchased in a pharmacy or authorized center should be used. Industrially-produced ricin oil has not been subject to albumin detoxification through vaporization, and is a highly toxic product whose ingestion may lead to an imminently life-threatening situation. |
For constipation: Take the seed oil - purchased in a pharmacy or authorized health center- at doses of: 1-3 spoonfuls (15-45 mL) for adults, 1-3 teaspoonfuls (5-15 mL) for children older than 2 years, and 1-5 mL for children younger than 2 years. Take orally in a single dose away from meals. Can be taken with milk, tea or fruit juice28. For other uses: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than the documented traditional uses. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 2 JEAN-PIERRE L, 1988 TRAMIL survey. St Lucia national herbarium, Castries, St Lucia. 3 EDOUARD JA, 1992 Enquête TRAMIL. Lycée agricole, Baie-Mahault, Guadeloupe. 4 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 5 CHARLES C, 1988 TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica. 6 WENIGER B, 1987-88 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 7 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique. 8 FAUJOUR A, MURREY D, CHELTENHAM-CORBIN B, CARRINGTON S, 2003 TRAMIL survey. enda-caribbean, IICA & UAG, Saint Thomas, Barbados. 9 WHO, 1991 Guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines. WHO/TRM/91.4. Programme on Traditional Medicines, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 10 HEGNAUER R, 1973 Chemotaxonomy der Pflanzen. Basel, Schweiz: Birkhauser Verlag. 11 CHONKEL A, 1985 A propos de quelques graines toxiques existant à la Guadeloupe. Thèse Pharmacie, Montpellier, France. 12 DUKE JA, 1992 Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. 13 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. p140. 14 DE SOUSA M, Matos ME, Matos FJ, MACHADO MI, CRAVEIRO AA,1991 Constituintes químicos ativos de plantas medicinais Brasileiras.Laboratorio de produtos naturais, Fortaleza, Brasil: Ceará Edições UFC. 15 TSUPRIENKOVA T, 1982 Patente de autor de champú para el lavado del cabello (título original en ruso). URSS, A61K 7/06(53). 16 WENIGER B, 1992 Activités biologiques (cytotoxicité, effet sur la croissance, effet immunomodulateur) de drogues végétales de la Caraïbe utilisées par voie locale contre les brûlures, dans des systèmes de cellules animales et humaines en culture. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. TRAMIL VI, Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, UAG/enda-caribe. 17 VERPOORTE R, DIHAL PP, 1987 Medicinal plants of Surinam IV. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants. J Etnopharmacol 21(3):315-318. 18 MISAS CA, HERNANDEZ NM, ABRAHAM AM, 1979 Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. I. Rev Cub Med Trop 31:5-12. 19 TANIRA MO, AGEEL AM, AL-SAID MS, 1989 A study on some Saudi medicinal plants used as diuretics in traditional medicine. Fitoterapia 60(5):443-447. 20 CECIL, RUSELL LA FAYETTE, 1987 Compendio de Medicina Interna. Madrid, España: Ed. Interamericana. 21 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de semillas frescas peladas y machacadas de Ricinus communisL. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba. 22 MARTINEZ MJ, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2003 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de hoja seca y de hoja fresca de Ricinus communis L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Cerro, C. Habana, Cuba. 23 WEE YC, GOPALAKRISHNAKONE P, CHAN A, 1988 Poisonous plants in Singapore - a colour chart for identification with symptoms and signs of poisoning. Toxicon 26(1):47. 24 FERNANDO R, 1988 Plant poisoning in Sri Lanka. Toxicon 26(1):20. 25 CANIGUERAL S, 2003 Ricinus comunis. Vademecum de Fitoterapia, Editorial Masson, Barcelona, España, Jul.30,2003. URL: http://www.masson.es/book/fitoterapia.html 26 ALONSO J, 1998 Tratado de fitomedicina. Bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina: ISIS ediciones SRL. p840. 27 KANERVA L, ESTLANDER T, JOLANKI R, 1990 Long-lasting contact urticaria from castor bean. J Amer Acad Dermatol 23(2):351-355. 28 PERIS JB, STUBING G, 2003 Ricinus comunis. Vademecum de Fitoterapia, Editorial Masson, Barcelona, España, Jul.30,2003. URL: http://www.masson.es/book/fitoterapia.html 29 BALZ E, BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007 Enquête TRAMIL à Marie-Galante. U. Bordeaux 3, U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe. 30 BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007 Enquête TRAMIL à La Désirade. U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe. 31 BOULOGNE Isabelle, 2008 Enquête TRAMIL à Terre-de-Haut, Les Saintes, UAG, Guadeloupe (FWI). |
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Ricinus communis(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys leaf mashed, applied locally7 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for constipation is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information. Uses for ganglionar disorder, headache, toothache, earache, pneumonia, asthma, burns, rheumatism, twisting and trauma are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and, when the leaf is topically applied, based on toxicity studies. When the seed oil is taken orally, a single dose should be used. For topical application to burns, strict hygiene measures should be observed in order to avoid contamination or additional infection. Limit traditional use only to superficial burns (skin injuries) that are not extensive (covering less than 10% of body surface) and are located away from high risk areas such as face, hands, feet and genitals. Due to the health risks involved with pneumonia, asthma, earache and ganglionar disorder, an initial medical evaluation is recommended. The use of this resource can be considered complementary to medical treatment, unless it is contraindicated. Due to the possibility that an earache could signal a middle or inner ear infection, immediate medical evaluation is recommended. Do not use if there are secretions from the ear and/or possible perforation of the eardrum. The seed can cause reactions of hypersensitivity. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, the asthma persisting for more than 2 days, the headache and the twisting lasting more than 3 days or the pneumonia 5 days, seek medical attention. Only the oil that has been hand-made following traditional procedures, or the oil purchased in a pharmacy or authorized center should be used. Industrially-produced ricin oil has not been subject to albumin detoxification through vaporization, and is a highly toxic product whose ingestion may lead to an imminently life-threatening situation. |
For constipation: Take the seed oil - purchased in a pharmacy or authorized health center- at doses of: 1-3 spoonfuls (15-45 mL) for adults, 1-3 teaspoonfuls (5-15 mL) for children older than 2 years, and 1-5 mL for children younger than 2 years. Take orally in a single dose away from meals. Can be taken with milk, tea or fruit juice28. For other uses: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than the documented traditional uses. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 2 JEAN-PIERRE L, 1988 TRAMIL survey. St Lucia national herbarium, Castries, St Lucia. 3 EDOUARD JA, 1992 Enquête TRAMIL. Lycée agricole, Baie-Mahault, Guadeloupe. 4 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 5 CHARLES C, 1988 TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica. 6 WENIGER B, 1987-88 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 7 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95 Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique. 8 FAUJOUR A, MURREY D, CHELTENHAM-CORBIN B, CARRINGTON S, 2003 TRAMIL survey. enda-caribbean, IICA & UAG, Saint Thomas, Barbados. 9 WHO, 1991 Guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines. WHO/TRM/91.4. Programme on Traditional Medicines, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 10 HEGNAUER R, 1973 Chemotaxonomy der Pflanzen. Basel, Schweiz: Birkhauser Verlag. 11 CHONKEL A, 1985 A propos de quelques graines toxiques existant à la Guadeloupe. Thèse Pharmacie, Montpellier, France. 12 DUKE JA, 1992 Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. 13 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. p140. 14 DE SOUSA M, Matos ME, Matos FJ, MACHADO MI, CRAVEIRO AA,1991 Constituintes químicos ativos de plantas medicinais Brasileiras.Laboratorio de produtos naturais, Fortaleza, Brasil: Ceará Edições UFC. 15 TSUPRIENKOVA T, 1982 Patente de autor de champú para el lavado del cabello (título original en ruso). URSS, A61K 7/06(53). 16 WENIGER B, 1992 Activités biologiques (cytotoxicité, effet sur la croissance, effet immunomodulateur) de drogues végétales de la Caraïbe utilisées par voie locale contre les brûlures, dans des systèmes de cellules animales et humaines en culture. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. TRAMIL VI, Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, UAG/enda-caribe. 17 VERPOORTE R, DIHAL PP, 1987 Medicinal plants of Surinam IV. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants. J Etnopharmacol 21(3):315-318. 18 MISAS CA, HERNANDEZ NM, ABRAHAM AM, 1979 Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. I. Rev Cub Med Trop 31:5-12. 19 TANIRA MO, AGEEL AM, AL-SAID MS, 1989 A study on some Saudi medicinal plants used as diuretics in traditional medicine. Fitoterapia 60(5):443-447. 20 CECIL, RUSELL LA FAYETTE, 1987 Compendio de Medicina Interna. Madrid, España: Ed. Interamericana. 21 MARTINEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2005 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de semillas frescas peladas y machacadas de Ricinus communisL. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba. 22 MARTINEZ MJ, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, MORON F, 2003 Irritabilidad dérmica primaria de hoja seca y de hoja fresca de Ricinus communis L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Cerro, C. Habana, Cuba. 23 WEE YC, GOPALAKRISHNAKONE P, CHAN A, 1988 Poisonous plants in Singapore - a colour chart for identification with symptoms and signs of poisoning. Toxicon 26(1):47. 24 FERNANDO R, 1988 Plant poisoning in Sri Lanka. Toxicon 26(1):20. 25 CANIGUERAL S, 2003 Ricinus comunis. Vademecum de Fitoterapia, Editorial Masson, Barcelona, España, Jul.30,2003. URL: http://www.masson.es/book/fitoterapia.html 26 ALONSO J, 1998 Tratado de fitomedicina. Bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina: ISIS ediciones SRL. p840. 27 KANERVA L, ESTLANDER T, JOLANKI R, 1990 Long-lasting contact urticaria from castor bean. J Amer Acad Dermatol 23(2):351-355. 28 PERIS JB, STUBING G, 2003 Ricinus comunis. Vademecum de Fitoterapia, Editorial Masson, Barcelona, España, Jul.30,2003. URL: http://www.masson.es/book/fitoterapia.html 29 BALZ E, BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007 Enquête TRAMIL à Marie-Galante. U. Bordeaux 3, U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe. 30 BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007 Enquête TRAMIL à La Désirade. U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe. 31 BOULOGNE Isabelle, 2008 Enquête TRAMIL à Terre-de-Haut, Les Saintes, UAG, Guadeloupe (FWI). |
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Sida rhombifolia(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys aerial parts, cataplasm, applied locally1 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Use for twistings is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)3 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. Use for urethritis is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies. Due to the health risks involved with urethritis, an initial medical evaluation is recommended. The use of this resource can be considered complementary to medical treatment, unless it is contraindicated. Should there be a notable worsening of the patient’s condition, or should urethritis or twisting persist for more than 3 days, seek medical attention. Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. |
For twisting and urethritis: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 CHARLES C, 1988 TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica. 2 GIRON L, 1988 Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala. 3 HENDERSON C, KRISHNARAYAN V, CASTILLO J, 1996 TRAMIL survey. Belize Enterprise for Sustainable Technology BEST, Belmopan, Belize. 4 PRAKASH A, VARMA RK, GHOSAL S, 1981 Chemical constituents of the Malvaceae. Part III. Alkaloidal constituents of Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa. Planta Med 43(12):384-388. 5 GUNATILAKA AA, SOTHEESWARAN S, BALASUBRAMANIAM S, CHANDRASEKARA AI, BADRA SRIYANI HT, 1980 Studies on medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. III. Pharmacologically important alkaloids of some Sida species. Planta Med 39(1):66-72. 6 GOYAL MM, RANI KK, 1989 Neutral constituents of the aerial parts ofSida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea. Fitoterapia 60(2):163-164. 7 FRIESE FW, 1934 Plantas medicinais brasileiras. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Inst Agro do Estado. p252-494. 8 ALTSCHUL SR, 1973 Drugs and food from little-known plants: Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Cambridge, USA: Harvard Univ. Press. 9 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986 Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. p149. 10 CACERES A, MENENDEZ H, MENDEZ E, COHOBON E, SAMAYAO BE, JAUREGUI E, PERALTA E, CARRILLO G, 1992 Antigonorrhoeal activity of plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, Guatemala. TRAMIL VI, Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, UAG/enda-caribe. 11 Figueroa SL, 1992 Inhibición in vitro de Candida albicans por las plantas: Argemone mexicana, Bixa orellana, Lantana camara, Lippia alba, Sedum praealtum, Vicia fava, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum y Sida rhombifolia (Tesis). Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, Guatemala. 12 BORTOLOZZI MAM, BITTENCOURT CF, CARDOSO SG, BORTOLOZZI, AV, 1988 Avaliacâo da atividade antibacteriana deSida rhombifolia L.(Malvaceae). X Simpósio de Plantas Medicinais do Brasil, Panel 7/9. Abstr. No. 26. Sao Paulo, Brasil. 13 GOYAL MM, RANI KK, 1988 Effects of natural products isolated from three species of Sida on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. J Indian Chem Soc 65(1):74-76. 14 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2010 Antiinflamatorio tópico, en ratones, del extracto acuoso de las partes aéreas frescas de Sida rhombifolia. Informe TRAMIL, Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 17 DUNSTAN CA, NOREEN Y, SERRANO G, COX PA, PERERA P, BOHLIN L, 1997 Evaluation of some Samoan and Peruvian medicinal plants by prostaglandin biosynthesis and rat ear oedema assays. J Ethnopharmacol 57(1):35-56. 18 HERRERA J, 1992 Determinación de parámetros farmacológicos usados en medicina tradicional popular en la Cuenca del Caribe. Informe TRAMIL. Dep. de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. 19 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2010 Irritación dérmica en piel sana de conejos, de las partes aéreas frescas de Sida rhombifolia. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 20 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2010 Irritación ocular, en conejos, del macerado de hojas frescas de Sida rhombifolia. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 21 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. |
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Tradescantia spathacea(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys hoja, decocción, vía oral2-3 |
Recommandations
Preparation and posology References |
According to published and other information: Uses for late period (amenorrhea) without pregnancy, twisting and traumatism are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, and on available published scientific information. Topical use for headache is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)4 documented in the TRAMIL surveys. Not for use by pregnant women for risk of abortion, during lactation or by children under 5 years old. For late period (amenorrhea) other than pregnancy, apply treatment for three consecutive days. Do not use decoction by oral administrationfor more than five consecutive days. If the patient’s condition deteriorates, or if headache, twisting or traumatism persist for more than three days, seek medical attention. Contact of the leaf with the skin may cause irritation5. |
For headache, late period (amenorrhea), twisting or traumatism: There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use. Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours. |
1 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 2 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986 Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti. 3 WENIGER B, 1987-88 Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana. 4 WHO, 1991 Pautas para la evaluación de medicamentos herbarios WHO/TRM/91.4 (original inglés). Programa de Medicina Tradicional, OMS, Ginebra, Suiza. 5 LAMPE KF, FAGERSTRÖM R, 1968 Plant toxicity and dermatitis: A manual for physicians. Baltimore, USA: Williams & Wilkins. 6 IDAKA E, OGAWA T, KONDO T, GOTO T, 1987 Isolation of highly acylated anthocyanins from Commelinaceae plants, Zebrina pendula, Rhoeo spathacea and Setcreasea purpurea. Agr Biol Chem 51(8):2215-2220. 7 YEOH HH, WEE YC, WATSON L, 1986 Taxonomic variation in total leaf protein amino acid compositions of monocotyledonous plants. Biochem Syst Ecol 14(1):91-96. 8 WENIGER B, HAAG-BERRURIER M, ANTON R, 1982 Plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents. J of Ethnopharmacology 6(1):67-84. 9 GUPTA M, ESPOSITO AVELLA M, 1988 Evaluación química y farmacológica de algunas plantas medicinales de TRAMIL. Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá. TRAMIL III, La Habana, Cuba, MINSAP/enda-caribe. 10 PEREZ RM, 1996 Anti-inflammatory activity of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia and Rhoeo spathacea. Phytomedicine 3(2):163-167. 11 SUFFNESS M, ABBOTT B, STATZ DW, WONILOWICZ E, SPJUT R, 1988 The utility of P388 leukemia compared to B16 melanoma and colon carcinoma 38 for in vivo screening of plant extracts. Phytother Res 2(2):89-97. |