Sphagneticola trilobata

scientific name:

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski

synonym:

Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc

Botanical family:

ASTERACEAE

Botanical description

Perennial herb, with trailing or ascending branches rooting at thenodes. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptical to obovate, 2-12 cm x 1-6 cm, apex acute,cuneate at the base, marginsserrate-dentate often lobed; inflorescence a capitulum on axillary or terminal peduncles; ray florets bright yellow; achenes 5mm long, oblong to obovoid, compressed.

Voucher(s)

Ocampo,68-88,CR
García,3543,MAPR

menstrual pain:

aerial parts, decoction or infusion, orally²

vomiting:

leaf, decoction or infusion, orally³

bronchitis with expectoration:

aerial parts, decoction, orally¹

For bronchitis, menstrual pain and vomiting:

There is no available information establishing a means of preparation and dosage other than that referred to by traditional use.

Any medicinal preparation must be preserved cold and used within the 24 hours.

According to published and other information:

Use for bronchitis is classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, toxicity studies, scientific validation and available published scientific information.

Uses for menstrual pain and vomiting are classified as REC, based on the significant traditional use (OMS/WHO)⁴ documented in the TRAMIL surveys.

TRAMIL Research¹⁴

The aqueous extract (decoction) from the leaf was orally and intraperitoneally administered to Swiss albino rats, UniValle strain (5 males and 5 females). For LD₅₀, Turner methodology was used, and observation was performed for 14 subsequent days. Orally, LD₅₀ > 25 g/kg and intraperitoneally, LD₅₀ = 3.61±0.41 g/kg.

Subchronic toxicity was studied by administering the preparation every 12 hours to groups of 10 mice each, which were given 75, 50 and 25% of the LD₅₀. They were given the preparation for 14 days and were observed for 60 additional days. The study was completed with the pertinent histopathological analyses. The maximum dose of 25 g/kg administered intragastrically for 12 hours was not mortal after 28 days, and no histopathological changes that might have been attributed to the preparation were evidenced in most of the internal organs for 60 consecutive days.

Atopic dermatitis may occur in sensitive individuals as a result of contact with the plant¹⁵.

There is no available information documenting the safety of medicinal use in children or in pregnant or lactating women.

The leaf contains essential oil : α-pinene (30%), α-phellandrene (17.4%), limonene (16.3%); sesquiterpernes : iso-oxidotrilobolide-6-O-iso-butyrate, iso-oxidotrilobolide-6-O-methacrylate, iso-oxidotrilobolide -8-O-angelate, trilobolide-6-O-angelate, trilobolide-6-O-iso-butyrate, trilobolide-6-O-methacrylate; diterpenes: derivatives from kaurenic acid; triterpenes: squalene; sterols : ß-sitosterol^5-7.

The flower contains essential oil : ß-phellandrene (25.5%), limonene (8.9%), ɣ-terpinene (5.9%), α-pinene (4.7%)⁸.

The root contains diterpenes : derivatives from kaurenic acids; alkenynes: tetradeca-4,6-diene-8,10,12-triyn-1-ol acetate; sulfur compounds: 2-(prop-1-ynyl)-5-(hexa-1,3-diyn-5-enyl)-thiophene⁶.

TRAMIL Research⁹

The juice of the fresh aerial parts (1 mg/mL) showed no activityin vitro against gram + bacteria Haemophyllus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, S. Pneumoniae andStreptococcus pyogenes, which cause respiratory infection.

TRAMIL Research¹⁰

The decoction of the dried leaf (1 mg/mL) showed activityin vitro neither against gram + bacteria Haemophyllus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes nor against gram - bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi; nor against yeasts Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, which cause respiratory infection.

TRAMIL Research¹¹

The lyophilized aqueous extract (decoction) from the whole fresh plant, (14.28–27.27 mg/mL) in the in vitro model of contraction of guinea pig trachea previously contracted with KCl 80 millimoles, showed dose-dependent bronchodilating activity (42.93–68.87% respectively).

TRAMIL Research¹²

The lyophilized aqueous extract at a concentration of 66.67 mg/mL, obtained from the decoction of the fresh leaf, was orally administered with a single dose of 1 g/kg to 20 Hsd:ICR(CD-1) mice (10 males and 10 females). The methodology was based on CYTED 1995 protocol named “intestinal transit in small intestine.” The control vehicle was distilled water (0.5 mL) administered to 10 mice of same strain and characteristics. Treatment did not modify intestinal transit. There were no changes in the other parameters of assessment.

TRAMIL Research¹³

The lyophilized aqueous extract obtained from the decoction of the fresh bud was orally administered in a single dose of 3 g/kg to 30 NGP mice (15 males and 15 females), 6 hours before and/or after meals. The control vehicle was distilled water (0.5 mL), administered to another 30 mice of same strain and characteristics. Activated carbon was used as a marker of intestinal mobility speed, and the measurement was performed one hour after the extract was administered. The distance was expressed as a percentage of the total length of the small intestine. The extract increased intestinal transit with a statistically significant difference (p £0.05) with the T-student test. Average length covered in the control group = 51.61% ±1.47. Average length covered in the treated group = 60.54% ±1.61.

Pharmacopoeia:

Ed.2

References:

1 OCAMPO R, 1988
Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica), Instituto de Desarrollo Agrario, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

2 MARCELLE G, 1996
TRAMIL survey. Produce chemist laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, St. George's, Grenada.

3 BENEDETTI MD, 1994
Encuesta TRAMIL. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.

4 WHO, 1991
Guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines. WHO/TRM/91.4. Programme on Traditional Medicines, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

5 BOHLMANN F, ZIESCHE J, KING RM, ROBINSON H, 1981
Naturally occurring terpene derivatives. Part 300. Eudesmanolides and diterpenes from Wedelia trilobata and an ent-kaurenic acid derivative from Aspilia parvifolia. Phytochemistry 20(4):751-756.

6 BOHLMANN F, NGO LE VAN, 1977
Naturally occurring terpene derivatives. 97. New kaurene derivatives from Wedelia species. Phytochemistry 16:579-581.

7 CRAVEIRO AA, MATOS FJA, ALENCAR JW, MACHADO MIL, KRUSH A, SILVA MGV, 1993
Volatile constituents of two Wedelia species. J Essent Oil Res 5(4):439-441.

8 KOHEIL MA, 2000
Study of the essential oil of flower-heads of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch. Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci 26:288-293.

9 CÁCERES A, GONZÁLEZ S, GIRÓN L, 1998
Demostración de la actividad antimicrobiana de plantas TRAMIL en base a los usos populares en la cuenca del Caribe. Laboratorio de productos fitofarmacéuticos Farmaya y Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, Guatemala.

10 CÁCERES A, GONZÁLEZ S, GIRÓN L, 2000
Demostración de la actividad antimicrobiana de plantas TRAMIL en base a los usos populares en la cuenca del Caribe. Laboratorio de productos fitofarmacéuticos Farmaya y Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, Guatemala.

11 GARCÍA GM, COTO MT, GONZÁLEZ CS, PAZOS L, 1999
Actividad bronquial del extracto acuoso de planta entera fresca de Wedelia trilobata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

12 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZÁLEZ S, QUIROS S, 2003
Tránsito intestinal, en ratones, del extracto acuoso de hojas frescas de Wedelia trilobata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

13 GARCÍA GM, COTO MT, GONZÁLEZ CS, OCAMPO R, PAZOS L, 2001
Velocidad del tránsito intestinal en ratones, del extracto acuoso de brotes frescos de Wedelia trilobata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBI, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

14 HERRERA J, 1992
Determinación de parámetros farmacológicos usados en medicina tradicional popular en la Cuenca del Caribe. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

15 GOH CL, 1986
Contact sensitivity to Wedelia trilobata. Contact Dermatitis 14(2):126.

DISCLAIMER

The information provided is for educational purposes only for the benefit of the general public and health professionals. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. Since some parts of plants could be toxic, might induce side effects, or might have interactions with certain drugs, anyone intending to use them or their products must first consult with a physician or another qualified health care professional. TRAMIL has no responsibility whatsoever towards the user for any decision, action or omission made in relation to the information contained in this Pharmacopoeia.

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